{"id":3039,"date":"2022-09-15T15:16:38","date_gmt":"2022-09-15T14:16:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/roussesinfo.fr\/patrimoine\/?page_id=3039"},"modified":"2025-08-22T07:47:59","modified_gmt":"2025-08-22T06:47:59","slug":"la-culture-du-vers-a-soie-a-rousses","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/roussesinfo.fr\/patrimoine\/activites-industrielles\/la-culture-du-vers-a-soie-a-rousses\/","title":{"rendered":"La culture du vers \u00e0 soie \u00e0 Rousses"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.18.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_image=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/roussesinfo.fr\/patrimoine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Textures-parcemin_01-scaled.jpg\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb11px|||||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbFil arianne\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb95%\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb1711px\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb5px|||||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00a0\u00bbpost_content\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.25.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00a0\u00bbpost_content\u00a0\u00bb][lwp_divi_breadcrumbs use_before_icon=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb before_icon=\u00a0\u00bb&#xe074;||divi||400&Prime; link_color=\u00a0\u00bb#E02B20&Prime; separator_color=\u00a0\u00bb#0C71C3&Prime; current_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000&Prime; admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbFil arianne\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb module_font=\u00a0\u00bbTimes New Roman|600|on||||||\u00a0\u00bb module_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000&Prime; module_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb19px\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb2px|||||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00a0\u00bbpost_content\u00a0\u00bb][\/lwp_divi_breadcrumbs][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.18.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb13px|||||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.18.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbTitre\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.18.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">La culture du vers \u00e0 soie \u00e0 Rousses<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/roussesinfo.fr\/patrimoine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/patrimoine-La-culture-du-vers-a-soie-a-Rousses.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment noopener wp-att-3052\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Voir &amp; t\u00e9l\u00e9charger le \u00a0\u00bb Pdf \u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb2_3,1_3&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.18.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||0px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb2_3&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.18.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.18.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0px||0px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Le ver \u00e0 soie est une chenille qui provient du papillon Bombix Mori ou Bombix du m\u00fbrier. En effet, sa\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">nourriture se limite uniquement \u00e0 la feuille de cet arbre. Ce papillon est un peu sp\u00e9cial, car il n\u2019existe pas <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">dans la nature, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat sauvage. C\u2019est un insecte hybride obtenu de fa\u00e7on artificielle par l\u2019homme, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">des s\u00e9lections successives. C\u2019est l\u2019objet de la \u00ab s\u00e9riciculture \u00bb, qui est en fait, l\u2019\u00e9levage du ver \u00e0 soie. Vous\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">trouverez sur le site de l\u2019Amelier [1] tous les d\u00e9tails concernant l\u2019histoire extraordinaire de cette industrie.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt; font-family: times new roman, times, serif;\"><b>Cette activit\u00e9, qui a eu une telle importance dans les C\u00e9vennes jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin du 19\u00e8 si\u00e8cle, <\/b><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: times new roman, times, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\"><b>\u00e9tait elle<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt; font-family: times new roman, times, serif;\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">pratiqu\u00e9e \u00e0 Rousses ? Son souvenir a laiss\u00e9 peu de traces, dans la m\u00e9moire des habitants d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_3&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.18.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/roussesinfo.fr\/patrimoine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ver-a-soie.jpg\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbver a soie\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.18.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.18.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb-8px|auto||auto||\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0px|||||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.18.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.18.0&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb-29px|||||\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb15px|||||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">En <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">2018, Maurice GOUT (97a) de Montcamp disait qu\u2019il y aurait eu une magnagnerie chez AGULHON \u00e0 <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Carnac, il y a une centaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es, donc au sortir de la premi\u00e8re guerre mondiale. Quelques m\u00fbriers <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">encore pr\u00e9sents pourraient l\u2019attester. Sophie LEMONNIER, parlant des \u00ab mines \u00e0 eau \u00bb \u00e9crit \u00ab ces mines \u00e0 <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">eau pourraient avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 creus\u00e9es au XVIII\u00e8 s. quand les plantations de m\u00fbriers pour le vers \u00e0 soie <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">n\u00e9cessitaient la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019irriguer les cultures au printemps \u00bb [2]. Les rapports, r\u00e9dig\u00e9s par les <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">instituteurs Alexandre RODIER en 1862 [3] &amp; DAUNIS en 1874 [4], apr\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e2ge d\u2019or de la s\u00e9riciculture en <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">France (entre 1820 et 1855) n\u2019en parlent pas. Il faut aller voir l\u2019\u00e9pais rapport, tr\u00e8s document\u00e9, d\u2019Armand de <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">QUATREFAGES, originaire de Valleraugue, concernant \u00ab la maladie des vers \u00e0 soie, dans le midi de la<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">France \u00bb r\u00e9dig\u00e9 en 1859 [5], pour en savoir plus. <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Jean Louis Armand de QUATREFAGES de Br\u00e9au, est un biologiste, zoologiste et anthropologue fran\u00e7ais, n\u00e9 le 6\/2\/1810 \u00e0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Berth\u00e9z\u00e8ne, hameau de la commune de Valleraugue, et mort le 12 janvier 1892 \u00e0 Paris. Vers 1859, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 charg\u00e9 <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">par l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences, d\u2019\u00e9tudier le mal qui frappait, depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es l\u2019industrie du ver \u00e0 soie, <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">et pour cette raison, il a visit\u00e9 de nombreux producteurs.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">On apprend ainsi, qu\u2019\u00e0 Rousses :<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">&#8211; En 1860, il y avait 25 \u00e0 26 maisons [il s\u2019agit probablement du Bourg seul, car selon [4], en 1874, il y en <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">avait 32 pour un total de 84 dans la commune, sans compter Cabrillac et le Gu\u00e2]. Le village \u00e9tait <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">entour\u00e9 de prairies, de noyers et de ch\u00e2taigniers. Le raisin y vient. Les cerises y m\u00fbrissent en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">20 au 25 juin.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">&#8211; Les premi\u00e8res plantations de m\u00fbriers, faites aux environs, remontent au plus \u00e0 24 ans en arri\u00e8re, ce qui <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">les placerait vers 1834. Les m\u00fbriers sont greff\u00e9s. Ils appartiennent en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral \u00e0 la vari\u00e9t\u00e9 appel\u00e9e\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">\u00ab rebala\u00efro \u00bb.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">&#8211; La quantit\u00e9 de feuilles produites annuellement est d\u2019environ 70 \u00e0 75 quintaux. <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Remarque : les m\u00fbriers produisaient individuellement de 3 \u00e0 7 quintaux de feuilles, suivant la nature du <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">terrain, cela correspondrait donc \u00e0 la production de 10 \u00e0 25 m\u00fbriers. En outre, des feuilles \u00e9taient aussi\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">achet\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur. Pour obtenir 1g de graines (c\u2019est ainsi que l\u2019on appelle les \u0153ufs), capables de <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">produire un quintal de cocons, il fallait 27kg de feuilles. On peut donc estimer que Rousses avait <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">th\u00e9oriquement les capacit\u00e9s de produire jusqu\u2019\u00e0 une dizaine de tonnes de cocons avec ses propres<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">m\u00fbriers (A son apog\u00e9e, vers 1850, la production fran\u00e7aise atteignait 26000 tonnes), mais seule une <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">partie (inconnue) de la graine produite \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e sur place pour la production des cocons, qui ne <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">devait donc pas d\u00e9passer 0.5 \u00e0 1 tonne tout au plus (une once de graine produit 50kg de cocons).<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">&#8211; Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce moment, toutes les \u00e9ducations ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 Rousses, comme elles r\u00e9ussissaient jadis dans tout <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">le pays. Les graines de cette localit\u00e9 ont acquis une r\u00e9putation tr\u00e8s grande.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">&#8211; Nous avons visit\u00e9 \u00e0 Rousses, deux chambr\u00e9es provenant de graines, toutes deux d\u00e9j\u00e0 anciennes dans le\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">pays, mais d\u2019origine diff\u00e9rente et n\u2019appartenant pas aux vieilles races des C\u00e9vennes :<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">\u2022 Daunis, propri\u00e9taire emploie de la graine de vers milanais acclimat\u00e9s depuis 12 ans. Le local est un peu <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">bas. En revanche il n\u2019y a que 3 \u00e9tages de vers et un intervalle de plus d\u2019un m\u00e8tre entre la derni\u00e8re <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">\u00e9tag\u00e8re et le plafond. Celui-ci est form\u00e9 de planches trop rapproch\u00e9es. Le sol de la magnanerie est dall\u00e9.\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">L\u2019\u00e9ducation s\u2019est faite sans feu, gr\u00e2ce\u00a0 aux chaleurs constantes de l\u2019ann\u00e9e. Le thermom\u00e8tre a vari\u00e9 de <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">17.5 \u00e0 21.5\u00b0C. Les vers sont tenus proprement, mais ils sont un peu trop serr\u00e9s.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">\u2022 Dev\u00e8ze, journali\u00e8re a acclimat\u00e9 depuis 6 ans seulement [donc vers 1853 ou 1854] les vers qu\u2019elle \u00e9l\u00e8ve.\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Elle les croit d\u2019origine italienne. C\u2019est d\u2019abord une race compl\u00e8tement blanche. Ses vers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nourris, <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la premi\u00e8re mue, avec de la feuille de Rousses. A partir de ce moment, et pour des motifs <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">d\u2019\u00e9conomie, on leur a fait manger des feuilles prises \u00e0 V\u00e9bron, o\u00f9 la maladie s\u2019est d\u00e9clar\u00e9e depuis <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re (1859). Le local est tr\u00e8s rustique. C\u2019est un grenier dont le parquet et le toit sont \u00e0 jour.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Les \u00e9tag\u00e8res, au nombre de 3 laissent \u00e0 peine l\u2019espace n\u00e9cessaire pour faire le service. On ne sent au <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">reste aucune odeur d\u00e9sagr\u00e9able. Les vers \u00e9taient un peu trop serr\u00e9s, mais sans qu\u2019on ait pu dire qu\u2019il y <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">avait encombrement.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">\u2022 Les Ablatats : ce hameau qui ne compte qu\u2019une douzaine de feux, est b\u00e2ti \u00e0 mi-c\u00f4te d\u2019une montagne <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">assez \u00e9lev\u00e9e et fait face au nord-est. Quoique tr\u00e8s rapproch\u00e9 de Rousses, il est tr\u00e8s sensiblement plus <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">\u00e9lev\u00e9. Il est entour\u00e9 de ch\u00e2taigniers et de noyers, mais le raisin n\u2019y m\u00fbrit qu\u2019avec peine, et le 30 juin, au <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">moment de notre visite, les cerises les plus h\u00e2tives commen\u00e7aient seulement \u00e0 m\u00fbrir. Les plus anciens <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">m\u00fbriers plant\u00e9s aux Ablatats l\u2019ont \u00e9t\u00e9 en 1841 par M. Aur\u00e8s le Conse [signifie Consul. Ce titre conf\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">un des a\u00efeux de M. Aur\u00e8s, est rest\u00e9 attach\u00e9 \u00e0 la famille comme un surnom], dont la femme a transport\u00e9\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">depuis 20 ans [soit 1840 environ], sur ce point \u00e9lev\u00e9 des montagnes, une industrie h\u00e9r\u00e9ditaire dans sa <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">famille. Ces m\u00fbriers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 greff\u00e9s de r\u00e9bala\u00efro. Pendant les premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es de son mariage, M. <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Aur\u00e8s achetait la feuille au dehors. Il a constamment \u00e9t\u00e9 heureux dans ses \u00e9ducations. Pendant les <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, sa chambr\u00e9e a acquis une r\u00e9putation telle, qu\u2019il a vendu tous ses cocons pour graine, <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt; font-family: times new roman, times, serif;\"><b>et que le prix s\u2019est \u00e9lev\u00e9 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 30F le <\/b><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: times new roman, times, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\"><b>demi kilogramme<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt; font-family: times new roman, times, serif;\"><b>. C\u2019est Mme Aur\u00e8s qui seule se charge des <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">op\u00e9rations du grainage. Dans ce but, elle choisit \u00e0 chaque mue, les plus beaux vers et les \u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 part. <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Elle agit de m\u00eame pour les cocons et enfin pour les papillons. Je n\u2019ai recueilli que des \u00e9loges sur cette <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">graine et sur les cocons qui en proviennent. M. Aur\u00e8s a conserv\u00e9 la vieille race du pays. Il s\u2019est fait aux <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Ablatats, en 1858, cinq chambr\u00e9es repr\u00e9sentant un total de 6-7 onces (156-182 grammes). A lui seul, M. <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Aur\u00e8s en a \u00e9lev\u00e9 2 onces (52g) en 2 chambr\u00e9es distinctes et dans 2 magnaneries diff\u00e9rentes. Il a fourni <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">les graines pour toutes les autres. Le local que j\u2019ai visit\u00e9 est aussi rustique que possible. C\u2019est un grenier <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">qu\u2019on peut dire \u00e0 jour en tous sens. On le chauffe avec des brasiers portatifs. Les montants n\u2019ont que <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">deux \u00e9tages superpos\u00e9s. Les vers sont plus espac\u00e9s que dans la plupart des \u00e9ducations du pays. A l\u2019\u0153il <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">nu, ils \u00e9taient vraiment magnifiques, parfaitement \u00e9gaux, de grande taille, d\u2019une couleur admirable, et <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">tout annon\u00e7ait chez eux, une \u00e9nergie que je n\u2019ai pas rencontr\u00e9e dans aucune \u00e9ducation des vall\u00e9es.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">\u2022 Massevaques : Ce village compte de 18 \u00e0 20 feux. Il est enti\u00e8rement isol\u00e9 des flancs d\u2019une montagne <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">escarp\u00e9e et fort au-dessus du fond des vall\u00e9es. Son exposition est sud-est. Il est beaucoup plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">les deux localit\u00e9s pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes, est plac\u00e9 au milieu des bois de h\u00eatres, \u00e0 300m environ au-dessus de la <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">limite inf\u00e9rieure de ces arbres. Au moment de notre visite (30 juin), les cerises \u00e9taient encore toutes <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt; font-family: times new roman, times, serif;\"><b>vertes. A peine, la couleur de quelques unes <\/b><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: times new roman, times, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\"><b>pr\u00e9sentaient elles<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt; font-family: times new roman, times, serif;\"><b> un changement de teinte. On comprend <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt; font-family: times new roman, times, serif;\"><b>qu\u2019il ne saurait y avoir des m\u00fbriers \u00e0 une semblable \u00e9l\u00e9vation, aussi n\u2019y <\/b><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: times new roman, times, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\"><b>avait on<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt; font-family: times new roman, times, serif;\"><b>\u00a0jamais \u00e9lev\u00e9 de vers \u00e0 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">soie. En 1857 seulement, un nomm\u00e9 G\u00e9minar de St Andr\u00e9 de Valborgne, homme fort\u00a0 intelligent, <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">familier avec cette industrie, et \u00e9tabli depuis peu \u00e0 Massevaques, con\u00e7u la pens\u00e9e de faire une chambr\u00e9e <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">destin\u00e9e uniquement au grainage. Dans ce but, il se procura des cocons d\u2019Aur\u00e8s, et les fit grainer chez <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">lui. Pour \u00e9lever ses vers, il se procura des feuilles de Fraissinet-de-Fourques, localit\u00e9 qui est \u00e0 729m au <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">dessus du niveau de la mer (d\u2019apr\u00e8s d\u2019autres renseignements, cette feuille pourrait provenir en fait de <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Chanac). Sa chambr\u00e9e r\u00e9ussit parfaitement. La graine qu\u2019il produisit s\u2019est montr\u00e9e partout d\u2019excellente <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">qualit\u00e9. G\u00e9minar a gard\u00e9 pour lui-m\u00eame une once (26g) de cette graine, appartenant par cons\u00e9quent \u00e0 <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">la vieille race du pays. La maison de cet \u00e9ducateur, plac\u00e9e vers le milieu du village, a ses fen\u00eatres au <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">midi. Elle est remarquable par son extr\u00eame propret\u00e9, par l\u2019air d\u2019aisance qui y r\u00e8gne. Le local destin\u00e9 <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">aux vers est bas, parquet\u00e9 et plafonn\u00e9 en simples planches, mais assez bien jointes. En revanche, une <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">trappe \u00e9tablie au plafond, permet de renouveler l\u2019air assez rapidement. Tous les vers \u00e9taient d\u2019un aspect <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">remarquablement beau.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Conclusions :<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Rousses a donc bien particip\u00e9, \u00e0 une petite \u00e9chelle, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9pop\u00e9e du ver \u00e0 soie, au moins vers 1830, quand <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">cette industrie \u00e9tait en pleine croissance. Une partie seulement des cultivateurs se sont livr\u00e9s \u00e0 cette <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">activit\u00e9 qui n\u00e9cessitait de la place et une grande disponibilit\u00e9, plusieurs semaines par an. Le village a \u00e9t\u00e9 <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">un des derniers touch\u00e9s par les terribles maladies qui ont ruin\u00e9 cette industrie vers 1850, et ses graines <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">\u00e9taient recherch\u00e9es. Une activit\u00e9 r\u00e9duite a sans doute perdur\u00e9e jusqu\u2019au d\u00e9but du 20\u00e8 si\u00e8cle. Une <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">recherche dans les archives familiales permettrait s\u00fbrement d\u2019approfondir le sujet.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Sources :<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">[1] La s\u00e9riciculture ou \u00e9levage du ver \u00e0 soie c\u00e9venol \u2013 pairet.org (blog4ever.com).<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">[2] \u00ab L\u2019homme et la nature \u00e0 Rousses \u00bb Livret de Sophie Lemonnier, Juillet 2015, 50 p.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">|3] \u00ab Description g\u00e9ographique de la commune de Rousses \u00bb Alexandre Rodier, 30\/6\/1862, 7 p.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">[4] \u00ab Notice sur la commune de Rousses \u00bb instituteur public Daunis, 19\/05\/1874. 7 p.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">[5] \u00ab Etudes sur les maladies du ver \u00e0 soie \u00bb par M.A. de Quatrefages, M\u00e9moires de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie des<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Sciences de L\u2019Institut de France (1860 &#8211; tome 30) p.64 \u00e0 72.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Jean Paul EYMERY 10\/02\/2021<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"et_pb_module lwp_divi_breadcrumbs lwp_divi_breadcrumbs_0\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module_inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lwp-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"before-icon et-pb-icon\">\ue074<\/span> <span class=\"before\"><\/span> <span vocab=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/\" typeof=\"BreadcrumbList\"><span property=\"itemListElement\" typeof=\"ListItem\"><a property=\"item\" typeof=\"WebPage\" href=\"https:\/\/roussesinfo.fr\/patrimoine\/\" class=\"home\"><span property=\"name\">Home<\/span><\/a><meta property=\"position\" content=\"1\"><\/span> <span class=\"separator et-pb-icon\">&#x39;<\/span> <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>La culture du vers \u00e0 soie \u00e0 Rousses Voir &amp; t\u00e9l\u00e9charger le \u00a0\u00bb Pdf \u00ab\u00a0Le ver \u00e0 soie est une chenille qui provient du papillon Bombix Mori ou Bombix du m\u00fbrier. En effet, sa\u00a0 nourriture se limite uniquement [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1756,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3039","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/roussesinfo.fr\/patrimoine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3039","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/roussesinfo.fr\/patrimoine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/roussesinfo.fr\/patrimoine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roussesinfo.fr\/patrimoine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roussesinfo.fr\/patrimoine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3039"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/roussesinfo.fr\/patrimoine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3039\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/roussesinfo.fr\/patrimoine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1756"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/roussesinfo.fr\/patrimoine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3039"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}